נפשׁ néfeş (pronuntia originala: napş / nabş): de 754 ori in Biblia Ebraica; in LXX ii corespunde de 600 ori ψυχή psyché.
Termenul este vechi semitic, existand cu mult inainte de Moise (in eblaita, ugarita etc.), avand adesea si sensul de monument funerar (adica salasul unui „suflet”), sau gâtlej (vecin cu ideea de respiratie). Sensul de baza este acela de gâtlej, dar apar mai multe sensuri si nuante derivate.
- gâtlej – Is 15:4; Ps 63:6; Is 5:14; Hab 2:5; Is 29:8; Ps 107;9; Pr 27:7; Nu 11:6; Ir 31:25; Is 58:11; Pr 27:7; Ec 6:7; Pr 3:22; Gn 42:21; Nu 21:5; 1S 2:33; 28:9; Is 32:6; 51:23; 55:2; 58:10; Jr 2:24; 31:12.14.25.25; Ps 44:26; 107:9 .18; 119:25; 143:6; Pr 10:3; 16:24; 25:25.
- gât – Ps 105:18; Iona 2:6; Ps 69:2; 124:4f.
- (ră)suflare, respiraţie (care indică viaţa) – Iov 41:13; Gn 1:20; (de c. 250 ori), „suflet” (in sens diferit de conceptul grecesc de suflet); localizat in sange (ca si in ugarita) Gn 9:4f; Lv 17:11; Dt 12:23; Is 10:18.
- fiinţă, vieţuitoare Gn 1:20.24; 2:19; 2:7; 9:10.16; Lv 11:10.46; Ez 47:9.
- persoană, ins, inşi – Lv 24:17; Nu 9:6f; 19:11; 31:35.40.46; 1Cr 5:21; Ez 27:13 (sclavi); Nu 31:19; 35:11.15.30; Ios 20:3.9; ? Dt 27:25; Nu 35:30; Dt 24:7; Ez 22:27; 13:18-20; Gn 36:6; 1S 22:22; Nu 31:28; Gn 12:5; Lv 22:11; Gn 14:21; Lv 27:2; Ir 2:34; Lv 24:17; Gn 46:15; ? 46:22.25.27; Nu 31:35; Ex 1:5; Ir 52:29f; Gn 46:18; 1Cr 5:21; Ex 12:4;16:16.
- individ, individualitate, sinele (c. 220 ori) – Gn 27:4.25; Is 1:14; Ju 5:21; Lv 26:11.30; Gn 27:19.31; Is 43:4; 51:23; Ps 124:7; Lv 26:15; Is 46:2; 47:14; Nu 30:5-12; 1S 18:3; 20:17; Is 53:10; Is 462 4714 Os 9:4; Dt 21:14; Ir 34:16; Nu 30:14; Ex 12:16; Lv 7:27; 17:15; 23:29; Lv 7:20.27; Nu 15:30; Lv 7:18; Nu 15:28; 19:22; Lv 5:2; 22:6; Lv 2:1; 4:2; 5:1.4.15.17.21; 7:21; Lv 4:27; Nu 15:27; paralel cu “ruahh” Is 26:9; Iov 7:11; 12:10; Ps 143:6f; Pr 29:10f.
- viaţă (c. 280 ori) – Gn 9:5; Gn 19:17; Pr 7:23; Pl 2:19; 1S 20:1; 1Rg 19:10; Ir 4:30; Is 53:10; Ez 22:27; Iov 11:20; Gn 35:18; 2S 14:7; Dt 22:26; Gn 37:21; Dt 19:6.11; Ir 40:14f; 1Rg 17:21f; 2S 14:14; Pl 5:9; 2S 23:17; 1Cr 11:19; Rt 4:15; Pl 1:11.16.19; Pr 11:30; Est 4:13. in NT ii corespunde “psyche” (Mc 8:36).
- suflet, ca centru si transmitator al simtirilor si perceptiilor: – dorinţă, tânjire, CC 1:7; 3:1-4; 5:6; Iov 23:13; Ec 6:3; Os 4:8; Ir 22:27; 44:14; pasiune, patima, Ez 24:25; pofta, Pr 23:2; larg la nefesh = avar, lacom Pr 28:25; Ps 17:9; 27:12; zel, ravna Pr 19:2; dragoste CC 1:7; 3:1-4, dorinte Iov 23:13; Ec 6:3; Ir 31:25; Ex 23:9; despre animale Pr 12:10; Is 19:10; Is 53:11; 61:10; 66:3; Ir 13:17; Ez 25:6; Gn 42:21; simt, gust Nu 21:5; Ir 14;19; Zah 11:8; Ir 6:8; Ez 23:17f.22; intentie, vointa Gn 23:8; 2Rg 9:15.
- persoană decedată, mort, cadavru, trup – Lv 19:28; Lv 21:11; Nu 6:6; Lv 21:1; 22:4; Nu 9:10; Hg 2:13; Nu 5:2; 9:6f; Nu 6:11.
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